Military intervention justified on humanitarian grounds is a constant of the international order, designated by varying terminology: “intervention d’humanité” in the nineteenth century, humanitarian intervention in the English-speaking tradition, “droit” or “devoir d’ingérence” in France, and the responsibility to protect the past few years. This multiplicity makes it one of the most confusing international issues. This interdisciplinary article (politics, law, philosophy) offers a terminological clarification, severing the link usually made in France between the “droit d’ingérence” and the responsibility to protect, critiquing these two concepts and subsequently proposes alternative terminology.